General
Information
DEFINITION--Visual examination of the inside of the rectum and the colon (large
intestine). Fecal matter, tissue or foreign matter usually are removed for laboratory
examination. The procedure is performed with a colonoscope, a fiber-optic instrument that
makes examination and some surgeries simple, practical and safe.
BODY PARTS INVOLVED--Anus; rectum; colon.
REASONS FOR SURGERY--Examination of the rectum and lower intestinal tract for
disorders that may include: fissures; fistulas; narrowed sections of the intestine;
unexplained blood in stools; benign or cancerous tumors; or pre-cancerous polyps.
SURGICAL RISK INCREASES WITH
- Adults over 60.
- Obesity.
- Smoking.
- Poor nutrition.
- Recent or chronic illness.
- Use of drugs such as: antihypertensives; muscle relaxants; tranquilizers; sleep
inducers; insulin; sedatives; beta-adrenergic blockers; or cortisone.
- Use of mind-altering drugs, including: narcotics; psychedelics; hallucinogens;
marijuana; sedatives; hypnotics; or cocaine.
What To Expect
WHO OPERATES--General surgeon, family doctor, proctologist or
gastroenterologist.
WHERE PERFORMED--Hospital, outpatient surgical facility or well-equipped
doctor's office.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- Before surgery: Blood and urine studies; stool examinations; x-rays of lower
gastrointestinal tract.
- After surgery: Laboratory examination of removed tissue and other material.
ANESTHESIA--Intravenous sedation.
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION
- The examination is best accomplished after thorough cleansing of large bowel with
laxatives and enemas.
- The colonoscope is lubricated, inserted into the rectum and passed into the colon.
- Affected areas are located, examined or treated. Fecal matter and other materials are
removed for laboratory examination.
- Other minor surgical procedures may be performed. The colonoscope is removed.
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
- Excessive bleeding.
- Perforation of the colon.
AVERAGE HOSPITAL STAY--Usually none.
PROBABLE OUTCOME--Expect complete healing without complications. Allow about 4
days for recovery from surgery.
Postoperative Care
GENERAL MEASURES---No special instructions except those listed under other
headings.
MEDICATION---Medicine is usually not necessary.
ACTIVITY---No restrictions.
DIET---No special diet.
Call Your Doctor If
Any of the following occurs:
- Increased pain, swelling or bleeding from rectum or blood in stools.
- Signs of infection: headache, muscle aches, dizziness or a general ill feeling and
fever.
- Nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain.
