| APPENDIX 8: ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF ROUTINE URINALYSIS |
|
|
|
| Color other than straw. |
- Diet.
- Drugs. See Appendix 6.
- Inflammatory disease.
- Infectious disease.
- Increased specific gravity.
|
| "Fruity" odor |
Ketones in urine. |
| Bad smell |
Urinary-tract infection. |
| Cloudy or turbid |
- Fat.
- Germs.
- Kidney infection.
- Red blood cells.
- White blood cells.
|
| Specific gravity less than 1.005 |
- Congestive heart failure.
- Dehydration.
- Diabetes.
- Glomerulonephritis.
- Kidney damage.
- Liver failure.
- Nephrosis.
- Shock.
|
| pH alkaline |
- Alkalosis.
- Dietary factors.
- Fanconi's syndrome.
- Increased consumption of vegetables, citrus, dairy products.
- Urinary-tract infection.
|
| pH acid |
- Acidosis.
- High-protein diet.
- Fever.
- Phenylketonuria.
|
| Protein |
- Glomerulonephritis.
- Glomerulosclerosis.
- Kidney stones.
- Multiple myeloma.
- Polycystic kidney disease.
- Renal failure.
|
| Sugars |
- Cushing's syndrome.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Fructosuria.
- Galactosuria.
- Pentosuria.
- Increased intracranial pressure.
- Pheochromocytoma.
|
| FINDING |
MAY INDICATE |
| Ketones |
- Diarrhea.
- Starvation state.
- Vomiting.
|
| Cells |
- Bleeding disorders.
- Cystitis.
- Glomerulonephritis.
- Bleeding in the genitourinary tract.
- Hydronephrosis.
- Infection.
- Inflammation.
- Lupus nephritis.
- Malaria.
- Obstruction.
- Parasitic bladder infection.
- Polyarteritis nodosa.
- Pyelonephritis.
- Renal tuberculosis.
- Renal-vein thrombosis.
- Scurvy.
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis.
- Tumors.
- Trauma.
- Urinary-tract inflammation.
|
| Casts |
- Acute inflammation.
- Acute or chronic renal failure.
- Amyloidosis.
- Blood dyscrasias.
- Chronic lead intoxication.
- Chronic renal disease.
- Collagen disease.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Eclampsia.
- Glomerulonephritis.
- Heavy-metal poisoning.
- Inflammation.
- Kidney disease.
- Lupus nephritis.
- Malignant hypertension.
- Nephrosis.
- Nephrotic syndrome.
- Pyelonephritis.
- Renal tubular damage.
- Scurvy.
- Sickle-cell anemia.
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis.
- Trauma.
- Vascular disorders.
|
| Crystals |
- Hypercalcemia.
- Inborn metabolism error.
|
| Others |
- Parasites.
- Prostate infections.
- Vaginitis.
- Urethritis.
- Yeast cells.
|
