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AIDS (Auto-Immune Deficiency Syndrome) ELISA Test
AIDS (Auto-Immune Deficiency Syndrome) ELISA Test
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AIDS (Auto-Immune Deficiency Syndrome) ELISA Test
Category: Immune response.
Subcategory: Auto-antibody tests.
Material studied: Blood.
Estimated cost of test: $25.00.
Patient time for test: 2-3 minutes.
Reliability of test results: Results are reliable but not always specific for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-III (HTLV-III), also called AIDS*. Western blot test is more specific. See AIDS.
Available as home self-test? Yes, but not yet approved by FDA.
BEFORE THE TEST
Purpose of test:
ELISA test confirms presence of antibodies for human T-cell lymphotrophic type-III (HTLV-III) AIDS* virus.
Most-frequently used test for screening donated blood. Any POSITIVE tests are double-checked by Western blot test.
Where is test performed?
Commercial laboratory, hospital, doctor's office.
Who performs test?
Lab technician, nurse, doctor.
Risks and precautions:
If tourniquet is applied on the arm too long (over 1 minute), it may cause an inaccurate test result. Request another sample to be collected to ensure accuracy.
Patient preparation:
Activity--No changes necessary.
Diet--No changes necessary.
Medicines--No changes necessary.
Disrobing--None required. Roll up sleeve only.
THE TEST
Sensory factors:
Touching--You will feel mild discomfort when the needle is inserted into the vein or when the lancet pricks a finger, heel or ear lobe.
Seeing--You will see the technician, nurse or doctor, the basket or tray to hold the equipment, the needles, syringes, collecting tubes and bandages.
Feeling--Some degree of apprehension or fear is normal and should be expected. Discomfort disappears when the test is finished.
Other senses (hearing, smell, taste)--Not affected.
Equipment used:
Needles, syringes and heparinized* collecting tubes. Sterile, disposable equipment prevents contamination or spread of infection. There is no risk of becoming infected with the hepatitis virus, AIDS virus or any other infecting germ.
Description of test:
Technician, doctor or nurse applies a tourniquet or blood-pressure cuff to the upper arm if blood is collected from a vein.
Skin over the vein to be stuck is cleaned with alcohol or other antiseptic on a piece of cotton.
When blood is drawn from a vein, the operator feels the vein to be used then punctures both the skin and vein in one quick stroke. The needle used is a sterile, disposable needle attached to a sterile, disposable syringe.
Operator withdraws the needle and transfers sample from the collecting syringe into sterile tubes (identified with your name) before sending samples to the laboratory for analysis. Tubes are treated with an anti-coagulant chemical to prevent clotting.
If blood is collected from a finger, heel or ear lobe, skin over the selected site is cleaned with an antiseptic. The operator quickly pierces the skin to a shallow depth, using a sterile, disposable metal lancet. The drop or two of blood produced is collected into a capillary pipette.
AFTER THE TEST
Immediate post-test care:
Apply pressure to the puncture site with cotton provided by the laboratory.
If a vein has been punctured raise your entire arm over your head while applying pressure.
Some discoloration, soreness or swelling may develop at the venepuncture site. This responds well to moist, warm compresses applied every 2 to 4 hours.
Activity after test:
Return to pretest activities right away.
Use warm compresses if blood collects under the puncture site or if the area becomes tender, red or painful.
If test is ABNORMAL or positive, consult your physician immediately. Insist upon receiving the Western blot test.
Watch for fever, weight loss, swollen lymph glands, skin rash, persistent cough or diarrhea.
Don't share I.V. needles.
Time before test results available:
2 to 4 days.
TEST RESULTS
Test values:
Test results are determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay* (ELISA).
Normal values:
Absence of AIDS* virus.
What ABNORMAL may indicate:
Possible presence of AIDS* virus. It does not prove you have AIDS* or will develop it. Confirmation requires additional tests, such as the Western blot test. See AIDS.
Taking these drugs may affect test results:
None expected.
Other factors that may affect test results:
Laboratory error.
Immunity.
Subclinical infection.
Cross-reactivity with other viral agents.
*See Glossary.
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From Complete Guide to Medical Tests by H. Winter Griffith, M.D. Copyright by Fisher Books. Electronic rights by Medical Data Exchange.
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